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	<title>Comments on: Frequent negative power prices in the West region of ERCOT result from wasteful renewable power subsidies</title>
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	<description>Commentary on Economics, Information and Human Action</description>
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	<item>
		<title>By: Joseph</title>
		<link>http://knowledgeproblem.com/2008/11/20/frequent_negati/#comment-6212</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Joseph]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 15 Dec 2008 13:16:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://knowledgeproblem.wordpress.com/2008/11/20/frequent_negati/#comment-6212</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[At the risk of appearing to be posting purely for self promotion, I will mention that my current research is investigating this very problem in Texas. Using the exogenous variation in wind, I identify the generating substitutes for wind power on the Texas grid. As mentioned in the article above, most of the substitution does indeed come from natural gas plants, but some what of a surprise is that almost 20% of substitution comes from coal plants. This is due to wind&#039;s propensity to blow during off peak demand periods and cut into baseload generation.

I have another paper, that is currently in progress, that looks at the effect of wind power on start up costs and profits of conventional generators. No firm results there yet.

http://www.u.arizona.edu/~jcullen/
]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>At the risk of appearing to be posting purely for self promotion, I will mention that my current research is investigating this very problem in Texas. Using the exogenous variation in wind, I identify the generating substitutes for wind power on the Texas grid. As mentioned in the article above, most of the substitution does indeed come from natural gas plants, but some what of a surprise is that almost 20% of substitution comes from coal plants. This is due to wind&#8217;s propensity to blow during off peak demand periods and cut into baseload generation.</p>
<p>I have another paper, that is currently in progress, that looks at the effect of wind power on start up costs and profits of conventional generators. No firm results there yet.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.u.arizona.edu/~jcullen/" rel="nofollow">http://www.u.arizona.edu/~jcullen/</a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
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	<item>
		<title>By: Joseph</title>
		<link>http://knowledgeproblem.com/2008/11/20/frequent_negati/#comment-6213</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Joseph]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 15 Dec 2008 13:16:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://knowledgeproblem.wordpress.com/2008/11/20/frequent_negati/#comment-6213</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[At the risk of appearing to be posting purely for self promotion, I will mention that my current research is investigating this very problem in Texas. Using the exogenous variation in wind, I identify the generating substitutes for wind power on the Texas grid. As mentioned in the article above, most of the substitution does indeed come from natural gas plants, but some what of a surprise is that almost 20% of substitution comes from coal plants. This is due to wind&#039;s propensity to blow during off peak demand periods and cut into baseload generation.

I have another paper, that is currently in progress, that looks at the effect of wind power on start up costs and profits of conventional generators. No firm results there yet.

http://www.u.arizona.edu/~jcullen/
]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>At the risk of appearing to be posting purely for self promotion, I will mention that my current research is investigating this very problem in Texas. Using the exogenous variation in wind, I identify the generating substitutes for wind power on the Texas grid. As mentioned in the article above, most of the substitution does indeed come from natural gas plants, but some what of a surprise is that almost 20% of substitution comes from coal plants. This is due to wind&#8217;s propensity to blow during off peak demand periods and cut into baseload generation.</p>
<p>I have another paper, that is currently in progress, that looks at the effect of wind power on start up costs and profits of conventional generators. No firm results there yet.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.u.arizona.edu/~jcullen/" rel="nofollow">http://www.u.arizona.edu/~jcullen/</a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: assman</title>
		<link>http://knowledgeproblem.com/2008/11/20/frequent_negati/#comment-6210</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[assman]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 28 Nov 2008 21:06:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://knowledgeproblem.wordpress.com/2008/11/20/frequent_negati/#comment-6210</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Storage and transmission are very expensive which commenters seem to be ignoring.

BTW, where exactly does the storage come from?  People keep on mentioning pumped storage.  But there is a limited amount of cheap pumped storage available.  Also large scaled pumped storage can only be feasibly built in certain areas.  Plus pumped storage has an opportunity cost.....you could be using the pumped storage to transfer cheap baseload nuclear power to meet peak power requirements.

Transmission is the same....it has an opportunity cost.

The way I think of it is this:  you have to have supply and demand on any electricity grid exactly balanced.  Mismatch cannot be tolerated.  This implies that predictability of supply and demand is highly desirable.  On the other hand unpredictability is highly undesirable.  Wind is bad precisely because it is unpredictable and cannot be controlled.  Nuclear is predictable but not totally controllable (it cannot be turned off quickly).  Gas is predictable and controllable.  The other side of this is demand which is somewhat unpredictable and totally uncontrollable.

A lot could be accomplished by focusing on making the demand side more predictable and controllable via demand shedding.
]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Storage and transmission are very expensive which commenters seem to be ignoring.</p>
<p>BTW, where exactly does the storage come from?  People keep on mentioning pumped storage.  But there is a limited amount of cheap pumped storage available.  Also large scaled pumped storage can only be feasibly built in certain areas.  Plus pumped storage has an opportunity cost&#8230;..you could be using the pumped storage to transfer cheap baseload nuclear power to meet peak power requirements.</p>
<p>Transmission is the same&#8230;.it has an opportunity cost.</p>
<p>The way I think of it is this:  you have to have supply and demand on any electricity grid exactly balanced.  Mismatch cannot be tolerated.  This implies that predictability of supply and demand is highly desirable.  On the other hand unpredictability is highly undesirable.  Wind is bad precisely because it is unpredictable and cannot be controlled.  Nuclear is predictable but not totally controllable (it cannot be turned off quickly).  Gas is predictable and controllable.  The other side of this is demand which is somewhat unpredictable and totally uncontrollable.</p>
<p>A lot could be accomplished by focusing on making the demand side more predictable and controllable via demand shedding.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: assman</title>
		<link>http://knowledgeproblem.com/2008/11/20/frequent_negati/#comment-6211</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[assman]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 28 Nov 2008 21:06:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://knowledgeproblem.wordpress.com/2008/11/20/frequent_negati/#comment-6211</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Storage and transmission are very expensive which commenters seem to be ignoring.

BTW, where exactly does the storage come from?  People keep on mentioning pumped storage.  But there is a limited amount of cheap pumped storage available.  Also large scaled pumped storage can only be feasibly built in certain areas.  Plus pumped storage has an opportunity cost.....you could be using the pumped storage to transfer cheap baseload nuclear power to meet peak power requirements.

Transmission is the same....it has an opportunity cost.

The way I think of it is this:  you have to have supply and demand on any electricity grid exactly balanced.  Mismatch cannot be tolerated.  This implies that predictability of supply and demand is highly desirable.  On the other hand unpredictability is highly undesirable.  Wind is bad precisely because it is unpredictable and cannot be controlled.  Nuclear is predictable but not totally controllable (it cannot be turned off quickly).  Gas is predictable and controllable.  The other side of this is demand which is somewhat unpredictable and totally uncontrollable.

A lot could be accomplished by focusing on making the demand side more predictable and controllable via demand shedding.
]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Storage and transmission are very expensive which commenters seem to be ignoring.</p>
<p>BTW, where exactly does the storage come from?  People keep on mentioning pumped storage.  But there is a limited amount of cheap pumped storage available.  Also large scaled pumped storage can only be feasibly built in certain areas.  Plus pumped storage has an opportunity cost&#8230;..you could be using the pumped storage to transfer cheap baseload nuclear power to meet peak power requirements.</p>
<p>Transmission is the same&#8230;.it has an opportunity cost.</p>
<p>The way I think of it is this:  you have to have supply and demand on any electricity grid exactly balanced.  Mismatch cannot be tolerated.  This implies that predictability of supply and demand is highly desirable.  On the other hand unpredictability is highly undesirable.  Wind is bad precisely because it is unpredictable and cannot be controlled.  Nuclear is predictable but not totally controllable (it cannot be turned off quickly).  Gas is predictable and controllable.  The other side of this is demand which is somewhat unpredictable and totally uncontrollable.</p>
<p>A lot could be accomplished by focusing on making the demand side more predictable and controllable via demand shedding.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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	<item>
		<title>By: Soylent</title>
		<link>http://knowledgeproblem.com/2008/11/20/frequent_negati/#comment-6207</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Soylent]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Nov 2008 19:20:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://knowledgeproblem.wordpress.com/2008/11/20/frequent_negati/#comment-6207</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&quot;With the country&#039;s high demand for electricity, it sounds crazy to just let that power go to waste.&quot;

It&#039;s entirely rational for all parties involved to let it go to waste. The generator can &quot;bribe&quot; the grid to accept their power and still get compensated by the tax payer; you can get payed to waste excess power by the wind farms.

There&#039;s no incentive to try and use that excess power for anything.

&quot;They should be tying it to the national grid[...]&quot;

There is no such thing as a national grid. Worse, even within each grid the transmission system behaves more like a singly connected graph where electricity goes in one direction from a bunch of predictable sources to a bunch of predictable sinks; it cannot be easily shuffled from anywhere to anywhere. If you tried it would put serious strain on the grid operators and could all to easily cause a black-out due to a careless mistake.

&quot;[...]Not only will the consumers enjoy lower prices, but the suppliers could make more money.

I am missing the point here? It just seems so obvious!&quot;

Yes. You apparently believe that generating electricity is the hard part, but it&#039;s not. Transmission of electricity is already a bigger fraction of the total cost than generation and that&#039;s with numerous small grids and dependable gas, coal, hydro and nuclear sources. If you install &quot;smart grid&quot; technology, criss-cross the country with HVDC lines and pumped storage systems to make the most of wind with the least proportion of fossil fuels the cost for transmission will be astronomical. When the price of electricity is high people have an incentive to shift towards oil and gas wherever possible and heavy industry is eventually forced to flee or file for bankruptcy(see California).
]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;With the country&#8217;s high demand for electricity, it sounds crazy to just let that power go to waste.&#8221;</p>
<p>It&#8217;s entirely rational for all parties involved to let it go to waste. The generator can &#8220;bribe&#8221; the grid to accept their power and still get compensated by the tax payer; you can get payed to waste excess power by the wind farms.</p>
<p>There&#8217;s no incentive to try and use that excess power for anything.</p>
<p>&#8220;They should be tying it to the national grid[...]&#8221;</p>
<p>There is no such thing as a national grid. Worse, even within each grid the transmission system behaves more like a singly connected graph where electricity goes in one direction from a bunch of predictable sources to a bunch of predictable sinks; it cannot be easily shuffled from anywhere to anywhere. If you tried it would put serious strain on the grid operators and could all to easily cause a black-out due to a careless mistake.</p>
<p>&#8220;[...]Not only will the consumers enjoy lower prices, but the suppliers could make more money.</p>
<p>I am missing the point here? It just seems so obvious!&#8221;</p>
<p>Yes. You apparently believe that generating electricity is the hard part, but it&#8217;s not. Transmission of electricity is already a bigger fraction of the total cost than generation and that&#8217;s with numerous small grids and dependable gas, coal, hydro and nuclear sources. If you install &#8220;smart grid&#8221; technology, criss-cross the country with HVDC lines and pumped storage systems to make the most of wind with the least proportion of fossil fuels the cost for transmission will be astronomical. When the price of electricity is high people have an incentive to shift towards oil and gas wherever possible and heavy industry is eventually forced to flee or file for bankruptcy(see California).</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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	<item>
		<title>By: Soylent</title>
		<link>http://knowledgeproblem.com/2008/11/20/frequent_negati/#comment-6208</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Soylent]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Nov 2008 19:20:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://knowledgeproblem.wordpress.com/2008/11/20/frequent_negati/#comment-6208</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&quot;With the country&#039;s high demand for electricity, it sounds crazy to just let that power go to waste.&quot;

It&#039;s entirely rational for all parties involved to let it go to waste. The generator can &quot;bribe&quot; the grid to accept their power and still get compensated by the tax payer; you can get payed to waste excess power by the wind farms.

There&#039;s no incentive to try and use that excess power for anything.

&quot;They should be tying it to the national grid[...]&quot;

There is no such thing as a national grid. Worse, even within each grid the transmission system behaves more like a singly connected graph where electricity goes in one direction from a bunch of predictable sources to a bunch of predictable sinks; it cannot be easily shuffled from anywhere to anywhere. If you tried it would put serious strain on the grid operators and could all to easily cause a black-out due to a careless mistake.

&quot;[...]Not only will the consumers enjoy lower prices, but the suppliers could make more money.

I am missing the point here? It just seems so obvious!&quot;

Yes. You apparently believe that generating electricity is the hard part, but it&#039;s not. Transmission of electricity is already a bigger fraction of the total cost than generation and that&#039;s with numerous small grids and dependable gas, coal, hydro and nuclear sources. If you install &quot;smart grid&quot; technology, criss-cross the country with HVDC lines and pumped storage systems to make the most of wind with the least proportion of fossil fuels the cost for transmission will be astronomical. When the price of electricity is high people have an incentive to shift towards oil and gas wherever possible and heavy industry is eventually forced to flee or file for bankruptcy(see California).
]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;With the country&#8217;s high demand for electricity, it sounds crazy to just let that power go to waste.&#8221;</p>
<p>It&#8217;s entirely rational for all parties involved to let it go to waste. The generator can &#8220;bribe&#8221; the grid to accept their power and still get compensated by the tax payer; you can get payed to waste excess power by the wind farms.</p>
<p>There&#8217;s no incentive to try and use that excess power for anything.</p>
<p>&#8220;They should be tying it to the national grid[...]&#8221;</p>
<p>There is no such thing as a national grid. Worse, even within each grid the transmission system behaves more like a singly connected graph where electricity goes in one direction from a bunch of predictable sources to a bunch of predictable sinks; it cannot be easily shuffled from anywhere to anywhere. If you tried it would put serious strain on the grid operators and could all to easily cause a black-out due to a careless mistake.</p>
<p>&#8220;[...]Not only will the consumers enjoy lower prices, but the suppliers could make more money.</p>
<p>I am missing the point here? It just seems so obvious!&#8221;</p>
<p>Yes. You apparently believe that generating electricity is the hard part, but it&#8217;s not. Transmission of electricity is already a bigger fraction of the total cost than generation and that&#8217;s with numerous small grids and dependable gas, coal, hydro and nuclear sources. If you install &#8220;smart grid&#8221; technology, criss-cross the country with HVDC lines and pumped storage systems to make the most of wind with the least proportion of fossil fuels the cost for transmission will be astronomical. When the price of electricity is high people have an incentive to shift towards oil and gas wherever possible and heavy industry is eventually forced to flee or file for bankruptcy(see California).</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Soylent</title>
		<link>http://knowledgeproblem.com/2008/11/20/frequent_negati/#comment-6209</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Soylent]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Nov 2008 19:20:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://knowledgeproblem.wordpress.com/2008/11/20/frequent_negati/#comment-6209</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&quot;With the country&#039;s high demand for electricity, it sounds crazy to just let that power go to waste.&quot;

It&#039;s entirely rational for all parties involved to let it go to waste. The generator can &quot;bribe&quot; the grid to accept their power and still get compensated by the tax payer; you can get payed to waste excess power by the wind farms.

There&#039;s no incentive to try and use that excess power for anything.

&quot;They should be tying it to the national grid[...]&quot;

There is no such thing as a national grid. Worse, even within each grid the transmission system behaves more like a singly connected graph where electricity goes in one direction from a bunch of predictable sources to a bunch of predictable sinks; it cannot be easily shuffled from anywhere to anywhere. If you tried it would put serious strain on the grid operators and could all to easily cause a black-out due to a careless mistake.

&quot;[...]Not only will the consumers enjoy lower prices, but the suppliers could make more money.

I am missing the point here? It just seems so obvious!&quot;

Yes. You apparently believe that generating electricity is the hard part, but it&#039;s not. Transmission of electricity is already a bigger fraction of the total cost than generation and that&#039;s with numerous small grids and dependable gas, coal, hydro and nuclear sources. If you install &quot;smart grid&quot; technology, criss-cross the country with HVDC lines and pumped storage systems to make the most of wind with the least proportion of fossil fuels the cost for transmission will be astronomical. When the price of electricity is high people have an incentive to shift towards oil and gas wherever possible and heavy industry is eventually forced to flee or file for bankruptcy(see California).
]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;With the country&#8217;s high demand for electricity, it sounds crazy to just let that power go to waste.&#8221;</p>
<p>It&#8217;s entirely rational for all parties involved to let it go to waste. The generator can &#8220;bribe&#8221; the grid to accept their power and still get compensated by the tax payer; you can get payed to waste excess power by the wind farms.</p>
<p>There&#8217;s no incentive to try and use that excess power for anything.</p>
<p>&#8220;They should be tying it to the national grid[...]&#8221;</p>
<p>There is no such thing as a national grid. Worse, even within each grid the transmission system behaves more like a singly connected graph where electricity goes in one direction from a bunch of predictable sources to a bunch of predictable sinks; it cannot be easily shuffled from anywhere to anywhere. If you tried it would put serious strain on the grid operators and could all to easily cause a black-out due to a careless mistake.</p>
<p>&#8220;[...]Not only will the consumers enjoy lower prices, but the suppliers could make more money.</p>
<p>I am missing the point here? It just seems so obvious!&#8221;</p>
<p>Yes. You apparently believe that generating electricity is the hard part, but it&#8217;s not. Transmission of electricity is already a bigger fraction of the total cost than generation and that&#8217;s with numerous small grids and dependable gas, coal, hydro and nuclear sources. If you install &#8220;smart grid&#8221; technology, criss-cross the country with HVDC lines and pumped storage systems to make the most of wind with the least proportion of fossil fuels the cost for transmission will be astronomical. When the price of electricity is high people have an incentive to shift towards oil and gas wherever possible and heavy industry is eventually forced to flee or file for bankruptcy(see California).</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Mike</title>
		<link>http://knowledgeproblem.com/2008/11/20/frequent_negati/#comment-6206</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Mike]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Nov 2008 12:47:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://knowledgeproblem.wordpress.com/2008/11/20/frequent_negati/#comment-6206</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Link to paper on real-time pricing and wind power in ERCOT: http://idei.fr/doc/conf/eem/papers_2008/sioshansi.pdf

]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Link to paper on real-time pricing and wind power in ERCOT: <a href="http://idei.fr/doc/conf/eem/papers_2008/sioshansi.pdf" rel="nofollow">http://idei.fr/doc/conf/eem/papers_2008/sioshansi.pdf</a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Mike</title>
		<link>http://knowledgeproblem.com/2008/11/20/frequent_negati/#comment-6204</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Mike]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Nov 2008 12:15:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://knowledgeproblem.wordpress.com/2008/11/20/frequent_negati/#comment-6204</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The extent to which a negative price reaches the power consumer will depend on the retail agreement between the consumer and the consumer&#039;s retail supplier.  I don&#039;t know what is typical for the west region of ERCOT, but my guess is that retailers gain the benefit in the first instance and whether any is passed through to consumers depends upon the strength of retail competition in the region.

Time-of-use pricing could be a help here, because it would tend to encourage load shifting to take advantage of changes in the cost of wholesale power. I&#039;ve seen a research paper that estimates the benefits of combining real-time pricing with wind power in ERCOT, but I can&#039;t find the reference at the moment.
]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The extent to which a negative price reaches the power consumer will depend on the retail agreement between the consumer and the consumer&#8217;s retail supplier.  I don&#8217;t know what is typical for the west region of ERCOT, but my guess is that retailers gain the benefit in the first instance and whether any is passed through to consumers depends upon the strength of retail competition in the region.</p>
<p>Time-of-use pricing could be a help here, because it would tend to encourage load shifting to take advantage of changes in the cost of wholesale power. I&#8217;ve seen a research paper that estimates the benefits of combining real-time pricing with wind power in ERCOT, but I can&#8217;t find the reference at the moment.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
	</item>
	<item>
		<title>By: Mike</title>
		<link>http://knowledgeproblem.com/2008/11/20/frequent_negati/#comment-6205</link>
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Mike]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Nov 2008 12:15:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://knowledgeproblem.wordpress.com/2008/11/20/frequent_negati/#comment-6205</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The extent to which a negative price reaches the power consumer will depend on the retail agreement between the consumer and the consumer&#039;s retail supplier.  I don&#039;t know what is typical for the west region of ERCOT, but my guess is that retailers gain the benefit in the first instance and whether any is passed through to consumers depends upon the strength of retail competition in the region.

Time-of-use pricing could be a help here, because it would tend to encourage load shifting to take advantage of changes in the cost of wholesale power. I&#039;ve seen a research paper that estimates the benefits of combining real-time pricing with wind power in ERCOT, but I can&#039;t find the reference at the moment.
]]></description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The extent to which a negative price reaches the power consumer will depend on the retail agreement between the consumer and the consumer&#8217;s retail supplier.  I don&#8217;t know what is typical for the west region of ERCOT, but my guess is that retailers gain the benefit in the first instance and whether any is passed through to consumers depends upon the strength of retail competition in the region.</p>
<p>Time-of-use pricing could be a help here, because it would tend to encourage load shifting to take advantage of changes in the cost of wholesale power. I&#8217;ve seen a research paper that estimates the benefits of combining real-time pricing with wind power in ERCOT, but I can&#8217;t find the reference at the moment.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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