Archive for August, 2009

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Looking for a good forecast?

August 26, 2009

Michael Giberson

Philip Tetlock – the expert on political expertise – reviews three books on political forecasting for The National Interest, but the problem of selecting a good forecast equally applies in commerce:

Reading these three books, it is easy to feel like a frustrated shopper wandering aimlessly down the forecasting aisle in the supermarket of ideas. The products on offer are packaged well—but we have no objective benchmarks, no trusted Consumer Reports, against which to gauge performance. We have no idea whether we would be better-off paying one of these consultancies gobs of money for their proprietary forecasts or simply downloading the latest odds from a high-profile prediction market that culls individual bets on world events such as Tradesport. Indeed, would we do as well relying on the dart-throwing chimps or mindless extrapolation rules, like “Predict the most recent rate of change”?

Tetlock observes that pundits like to both make bold claims and hedge their bets: bold, because pundits need to stand out from the crowd, and hedge, because pundits can’t afford to be tied to flat-out mistakes.  Tetlock wants to pin forecasters down so we can score their track record.  (I’m in favor, see my post at Midas Oracle: “Separating cheap talk from truly held beliefs.”)

In response to Tetlock, Robin Hanson wonders whether people don’t care so much about the accuracy of forecasts, but really just want to affiliate with high-status impressive folks by reading their provocative forecasts.

In the commercial world, say the oil and gas business, while affiliating with high-status impressive folks is good (why else CERAWeek?), people have a pretty strong incentive to care about the accuracy of forecasts, too.  There are a lot of oil and gas forecasting companies out there, and they make reasonably clear quantitative forecasts and so should be relatively easy to score.  Has anyone produced a “shopper’s guide to oil and gas forecasting companies”?

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Give it away now: Wind power and the price of electricity

August 26, 2009

Michael Giberson

Forbes recently ran a story by Jonathon Farey, “Wind Power’s Weird Effect,” about how sometimes high wind power output and limited transmission capability combine to produce wholesale power prices dropping to zero or below.  (Of course regular readers here have been aware of the issue at least since last November.)

Much more informative was Farey’s story on inventor Leif Hauge and the energy-saving pressure exchanger he invented for use in desalination plants. UPDATE ADDED: (Of course, if I were a better reader of Aguanomics, I would have been aware of the issue at least since last September.)

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Appliance sales to get ‘cash for clunkers’ boost?

August 26, 2009

Michael Giberson

In the news, reports of a “cash for clunkers” program for major appliances: USA Today: Appliances get their own recycled clunkers programs; Business WeekLatest in Stimulus: ‘Cash for Refrigerators’; Associated Press: Meltdown 101: Government cash for green appliances.

From Business Week:

Beginning late this fall, the program authorizes rebates of $50 to $200 for purchases of high-efficiency household appliances. The money is part of the broader economic stimulus bill passed earlier this year. Program details will vary by state, and the Energy Dept. has set a deadline of Oct. 15 for states to file formal applications. The Energy Dept. expects the bulk of the $300 million to be awarded by the end of November. (Unlike the clunkers auto program, consumers won’t have to trade in their old appliances.)

“These rebates will help families make the transition to more efficient appliances, making purchases that will directly stimulate the economy,” Energy Secretary Steven Chu said in a statement announcing the plan.

Since the cash is just a rebate for the purchase of an Energy Star certified appliance, and no old appliance needs to be returned, this really isn’t a “cash for clunkers” analogue for appliances. (Unless the Energy Star certified appliances turn out to be clunkers.)  The program was created in the Energy Policy Act of 2005, but not funded by Congress until the carnival of stimulus spending earlier this year.

Joe Walsh Red Green and Blue blog is getting ahead of the curve, already picking apart the “win, win, win” claims of the appliance rebate program’s boosters.

Walsh expresses concern that without a requirement to junk the old appliance, it will instead migrate to the garage or the basement and store “extra beer and the overflow from Costco.” No energy savings in that scenario.

Of course requiring disposal of useful appliances would cause a more immediate and obvious waste of resources.  At least in this case some of the old appliances may make it into the secondhand market and help reduce prices for consumers unable to afford to take advantage of government rebates for new, energy efficient devices.

(And while we’re picking on “Cash for Clunkers,” readers may enjoy Jeff Jacoby’s “The Truth about Cash for Clunkers” from the Boston Globe.)

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On peak oil and national energy plans

August 25, 2009

Michael Giberson

Energy consultant Michael Lynch, appearing in the New York Times, says peak oilers don’t know the oil business. “Peak Oil Is a Waste of Energy.”

NRG Energy CEO David Crane, in the Washington Post, asserts we need a national energy plan with a regional focus: solar for the Southwest, wind for the Great Plains, nuclear power for the South, a push for electric cars in the Northeast, and clean coal as a “national project.”  “An Energy Plan We Can Start Now.”

At the Houston Chronicle‘s NewsWatch: Energy blog, Tom Fowler reports on an interview with Daniel Yergin, closing the report with an observation that serves as a kind of neat rejoinder to the points raised in the two previous stories:

Yergin mentioned … the huge potential of so-called unconventional natural gas in the U.S. thanks to the coming together of a number of technology break-throughs.

“Only in the last two months or so has Washington awakened to the reality of unconventional gas,” Yergin said. “There was no master plan here, no 10-year technology road map. It was just a question of finding a combination to pick that lock.”

NewsWatch: Energy also draws attention to Yergin’s article appearing in a Foreign Policy special report, Oil: The Long Goodbye.  I’ve only looked at the Yergin piece, but several others look good too.

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Crabs and crabbers: “Interests are not always aligned”

August 25, 2009

Michael Giberson

I laughed at this line in an article in the Washington Post:

But one survives by catching the other and selling it to be eaten. So, as economists say, their interests are not always aligned.

The article discusses the Maryland state government’s attempt to reduce the number of “limited crab catcher” licenses in order to better manage the fishery (crabbery?). They sent out letters to all 3,676 license holders asking them to, in effect, name their price, with the state planning to buy back the cheapest 2,000 of the offers.  Is it obvious that economists were behind this idea?

Unfortunately, fewer than 500 offers were submitted in return and many of them were much higher than what the state was willing to pay. In response:

Maryland officials have … gone to a more old-fashioned approach: the carrot and stick. They’re offering the 3,676 small-time watermen a fixed price, $2,260, for their licenses.

Those who don’t accept the offer and haven’t caught crabs in five years might face an uncomfortable choice. If they want to keep their licenses active, they might have to agree not to pass them on to future generations of their family.

The newspaper article is a little sketchy on various details that matter. If the original proposal was to buy the licenses offered at the offered price, this method could have been part of their problem.  Most respondents probably had only vague ideas about how much the state would be willing to pay, and so they were unsure how much to offer.  Would you want to be the sucker who sold an unused license back to the state for $1000 if a neighbor was paid $5000?  Perhaps better to not participate, or name an arbitrarily high price.

An iterative approach that provided some feedback to participants might have worked much better.  For example, in 2001 Georgia used an “iterative discriminatory auction” process in which they asked for offers from farmers (to forgo use of irrigation permits for the rest of the year), the state responds by telling farmers which offers would have been accepted that round.  Farmers can then resubmit offers, and the auction repeats until no one submits a new offer (or the state calls an end).  This process provides feedback enabling price discovery.  While they “paid as offered” (I think the law required this approach), because of the feedback in the auction process, no one was unduly surprised by the offer prices that were accepted.

Despite Maryland’s experience, Virginia officials are trying a reverse auction of their own. Their offer went to all 1,800 of the state’s licensed crabbers, big-time and small: Name your price. Bids are due Nov. 1.

Any bets on the likely success of Virginia’s program?

(HT Market Design: What if they ran an auction and nobody came?)

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Highly recommended read on Waxman-Markey: The Cap-and-trade Bait and Switch

August 24, 2009

Michael Giberson

David Schoenbrod and Richard B. Stewart explain why the Waxman-Markey “cap-and-trade” bill isn’t, fundamentally, a market-based approach to regulating greenhouse gasses:

As a candidate for president in April 2008, Barack Obama told Fox News that “a cap-and-trade system is a smarter way of controlling pollution” than “top-down” regulation. He was right. With cap and trade the market decides where and how to cut emissions. With top-down regulation, as Mr. Obama explained, regulators dictate “every single rule that a company has to abide by, which creates a lot of bureaucracy and red tape and often-times is less efficient.”

… [Yet] Waxman-Markey is largely top-down regulation dressed in cap-and-trade clothing. It purports to set a cap on greenhouse gases, but the cap is so loose in the early years that through the use of cheap offsets the U.S. need not significantly reduce its fossil-fuel emissions until about 2025. …

The top-down directives come in three forms. First, electric utilities, auto makers and states get free allowances on the condition that they comply with regulations requiring coal sequestration, alternative energy sources, energy conservation, advanced auto technology and more. Second, many other provisions of the 1,428 page bill mandate outright regulation on subjects ranging from how electricity is generated to off-road vehicles and household lighting. Third, still other provisions provide subsidies for government-chosen technology “winners” such as alternate energy sources, plug-in vehicles and weatherization of old buildings.

Progress on most or all such fronts will be needed, but when, where and how should be decided principally by a cap-driven market, not the “red tape” that candidate Obama deplored.

The bill would impose dramatically lower limits in the future, but the authors see little reason to expect future politicians to allow them to go into effect. What would go into effect in the legislation are hundreds of pages of new energy mandates, more industrial policy directives from Washington and many more subsidies for politically favored technology choices.

The authors believe that cap-and-trade can be successfully applied to greenhouse gas emissions, and they much prefer the approach to the likely alternative (source-by-source EPA regulation of greenhouse gas emission). But Waxman-Markey isn’t going to do the job.

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If the E-Fuel MicroFueler sounds too good to be true…

August 24, 2009

Michael Giberson

Robert Rapier draws attention to a Los Angeles Times story on a home-based ethanol system. Here are the first two lines from the story:

It sounds too good to be true: A residential system that allows people to make fuel from old beer, leftover wine and other waste products and use it to run their vehicles.

That’s what inventors of the E-Fuel MicroFueler claim, and there’s support for the idea in government, industry and pop culture.

Then Rapier begins the smackdown: Another Journalist Fails Due Diligence 101.

Actually, the Rapier smackdown begins immediately after “It sounds too good to be true” — he is a diligent applier of the maxim, “If it sounds too good to be true, it probably is.” — but I wanted to draw attention to the three pillars of support for the home-based ethanol machine that the article relies upon: “government, industry, and pop culture” (italics added).

I guess having the support of pop culture gets you pretty far in L.A., but out here, a little further away from the sparkling lights and Malibu breezes, we typically seek out a somewhat more substantial foundation.

Rapier mentions an 18-month old story on the company in the New York Times, which while also a bit excited by the company’s project, manages to inject a moderating opinion or two.  Daniel M. Kammen, of the Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley, is quoted as saying about the project “skepticism is a virtue.”

The LA Times notes that Shaquille O’Neal in an investor in the distribution company for the product.  Maybe that is part of the “pop culture” support.  He seems to have plenty of money to play with, so why not?  The company’s plans seem to rely heavily on the idea of a $5,000 federal tax credit for buyers.  But since the federal government doesn’t have plenty of money to play with, I’d say here is another place that skepticism would be a virtue.

What public benefit, exactly, are taxpayers paying for when one of us buys one of these systems?

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The Cape Wind power project counterfactual

August 24, 2009

Michael Giberson

Is it just me, or do you also find the banner image on the ecopolitology site just a little creepy?

Anyway, they have a post up on the amount of power that the long delayed Cape Wind offshore wind power plant could have supplied, had it actually been built rather than filibustered, during the recent peak in electrical demand for New England.  Of course nothing really new here, it is just an effort to keep the project in the news, just another effort in the ongoing public relations battle.

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The real meaning of Al Roth’s spam blog email: time to leave the bargain bin

August 23, 2009

Michael Giberson

Al Roth, at his Market Design blog, mentions that his site had been flagged as possibly in violation of Blogger terms of service by his blog host’s anti-spam blog software.  He reports that he can still post, but until he gets a review by the Blogger folks he must prove he is probably human by responding to a Captcha challenge.

He doesn’t offer any commentary on his blog being mistaken for spam, so as a dedicated reader and a fan, let me offer my interpretation:

It is time for Roth to move Market Design out of the ‘blogspot’ wasteland and into a proper host.  Blogger is a fine place for a trial, for an experiment, but like having your consumer products show up on the shelves at the Dollar Store, it sends a particular signal.  Roth should jump to WordPress (or similar) and get his own URL (unfortunately marketdesign.com is already taken, as Roth knows, but marketdesignblog.com appears to be available).

The blog is approaching it’s first anniversary.  The experiment is proved a success.  Time to get out of the bargain bin and into a respectable commercial district.

In a nicer location, perhaps with a few tweaks in the site’s web design, the Market Design blog will do an even better job in matching readers to ideas.

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The end of “cash for clunkers”

August 22, 2009

Michael Giberson

News reports indicate that the federal government is winding up “Cash for Clunkers” early next week on the expectation that claims will exhaust the $3 billion committed to the program.   Just noticed this comment by Robert Barro of two weeks back (HT to Paul Walker/Anti-Dismal):

The most ludicrous (though, fortunately, small) intervention thus far has to be the cash-for-clunkers program. It’s not surprising that subsidising people to destroy old cars would raise GDP, because measured GDP includes the replacement cars but not the value lost from destruction. Why not also blow up houses and factories and then enjoy the expansion of GDP from the replacement investment? (Actually, it’s best cosmetically to blow up refrigerators and other consumer durables because GDP does include rental income on houses and factories.)

ADDENDUM: Chris Edwards nominates “Cash for Clunkers” as the dumbest government program ever.  While it makes a tempting target, I’ll note that the “Economic Analysis of Scrappage” article I cited last week reports on a 1990 analysis of a “cash for clunkers” program that compares it to Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) regulations.  The result (and I’m paraphrasing just a bit here): CAFE is much dumber.

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