Archive for January 13th, 2010

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How to cook perfect roast potatoes

January 13, 2010

Lynne Kiesling

I cooked up a storm over the holidays — homemade pizza dough, cookies, pear clafoutis, New Year’s Day pork roast and spaetzle (but no sauerkraut), waffles, pancakes, beef barley soup (with homemade beef stock, YUM), it just went on and on and on. And it all turned out better than usual, because for once I slowed down, gave myself time to do it right, and focused on the simple pleasure of doing one enjoyable thing at a time and allowing myself to be entirely absorbed in it.

In part I interpret all of the focused, purposeful, yet slow-paced culinary immersion as a consumption good — I really do enjoy cooking very much. In part, though, I also think of it as part of my deliberate effort over the holidays to, as Jonah Lehrer described in his Wall Street Journal article on why most of our New Year’s resolutions fail, allow my prefrontal cortex some rest and relaxation time.

The biggest payoff of this activity came with Christmas dinner. The menu: beef-a standing rib roast, individual Yorkshire puddings, roast potatoes, and roast green beans with garlic. Our friend Sam and her mom joined us, contributing their conviviality and two delicious desserts. It was one of those rare meals in which every dish turned out well — the roast was done enough but not too done, the Yorkshire puddings puffed delightfully and looked like little chef’s hats (and tasted good too).

But for my part the best culinary discovery of the savory dishes in this meal was the roast potatoes. I am a great fan of the potato, so I am no stranger to roasting potatoes (although in the domestic specialization and exchange, the KP Spouse usually does the roasting, and typically on the grill). But the Christmas potatoes were a revelation — crunchy and flavorful on the outside, creamy and mellow on the inside. How did this happen?

I credit the British cook and domestic diva Nigella Lawson. In flipping through her book How To Eat to see how she cooks her rib roasts, I ran across her recipe for roast potatoes. She recommended doing three things that I had never tried before:

  1. Parboil the cut potatoes in salted water for 5 minutes
  2. Drain the potatoes, put a lid on the pot, and shake the pot vigorously to soften the parboiled potatoes and make their edges slightly mushy
  3. Toss the potatoes with 1 tablespoon of semolina flour before putting them in a roasting pan with (olive) oil that has been preheating (if you don’t have semolina you can use all-purpose flour instead)

The result was WOW. I’ll never be able to go back to doing them any other way. Give it a try and let me know what you find!

Coincidentally, today I got some validation from one of my favorite cooks-cookbook authors-food bloggers, Clotilde Dusoulier at Chocolate & Zucchini. Her post today describes the technique (and recipe) for her friend Pascale’s roast potatoes, and the “shake the pan” technique features prominently:

Pascale’s roasted potato magic unfolds thusly: the potatoes are parboiled for five minutes first, drained, and returned to the saucepan. At this point — and this is the crucial step, so pay attention — you grab the lidded pan and shake it vigorously, which not only is fun, but also serves to make the surface of the potato pieces fuzzy from rubbing their hips one against the other.

And wouldn’t you know it, it is this very fuzz that fosters the formation of a splendid crust when you then bake the potatoes, while the parboiling step reduces the baking time and ensures that the flesh inside stays moist.

Apparently her friend learned this technique from her British mother-in-law, so we have two data points here that suggest to me that the British know a thing or two about how to make great roast potatoes. I’d bet cooking them in goose fat wouldn’t taste too awful either …

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The joys of Target

January 13, 2010

Lynne Kiesling

A random observation on the plenitude of market processes: a single visit to Target this morning enabled me to solve several pressing needs as well as some unanticipated ones (and on sale, even!). I can’t even express how irrepressibly happy the whole experience left me. It’s those simple, frequently unacknowledged experiences that really illustrate the dramatic beneficial effects of competition, innovation, and market processes on living standards and individual capabilities to thrive.

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Planet Money: Do smart meters curb energy use?

January 13, 2010

Lynne Kiesling

Last Friday National Public Radio ran a Planet Money story called “Do smart meters curb energy use?” (first link is to program listing, second is to story transcript) Members of the KP community will not be surprised by any of the content in the report, but it does provide a good introduction to the “information and energy efficiency” literature for the non-specialist.

The story refers to the work of Carnegie-Mellon behavioral economist George Loewenstein, who contends that smart meters could actually increase energy use by revealing how cheap electricity is:

In fact, some of the information that a smart meter would give you might actually worsen your behavior because, for example, electricity is really amazingly cheap. It’s amazingly cheap to air-condition your whole house for a few hours. And if the smart meter is giving you objective information about how much it’s costing you, you might be surprised at how cheap it is rather than surprised at how expensive it is.

I think he’s failing to take into account the probability that electricity prices will increase either (1) if fuel sources become more scarce, (2) if we implement a carbon policy that increases electricity costs, or (3) if we implement renewable energy mandates that increase electricity costs. He also doesn’t take into account the variations in costs of producing electricity over the course of the day, in which case what’s important is not the level of the price, but the variability in the price and how that relates to the variability in the cost of providing the service. Still, it’s a pretty good story.

One other element that is missing from the story, and from Loewenstein’s framing of the question, is the transactive capabilities of intelligent end-use devices that the smart meter enables. Loewenstein doesn’t offer an example of “devices doing the work for you” that is any more sophisticated than direct load control, in which the consumer signs a contract that allows the retailer or the distribution company to cycle off the air conditioner as system conditions warrant. The combination of intelligent end-use devices and dynamic pricing, enabled by a smart meter, creates the potential to be so much more innovative, clever, and effective in optimizing individual energy use, and to do so in a much more user-friendly and less intrusive manner. That’s where the Planet Money team should be focusing their attention, not on direct load control.

We need to move beyond direct load control, which is a top-down sledgehammer in the energy efficiency toolkit. Bottom-up technologies that integrate more directly and subtly into individual lifestyles, such as Direct Energy’s vision that I discussed the other day, are likely to be more effective, more robust, and more sustainable.

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Utilities should help hackers hack smart meters

January 13, 2010

Michael Giberson

I tend to believe that smart meter developers and their customers will devise sufficient protection for smart meters to carry on business with. The smarter of smart meters will not just measure power flowing through the device, in both directions, it will also communicate and perhaps execute instructions sent to it from authorized parties.  Unauthorized access to a meter could be used for various nefarious purposes including the remote shut off of power.

Security won’t be perfect – so expect some bad news along the way – but good enough.  But is will be a dynamic game for a while – a sort of arms race in which existing devices are hacked inspiring security to get better, which will inspire hackers to work harder, and so on.  Eventually, security will be good enough that hackers will find other, more tempting areas for their efforts.

This is all just my conjecture.  How about some news (from the North County Times): “Experts hack new power meters

As California’s utilities roll out millions of “smart meters” in the coming years, they’re creating, for the first time, the possibility that the electricity infrastructure could be hacked through a home, security consultants say.

… Utilities say they have been hardening the smart meters since they began development, but security consultants say they are worried: If criminals cracked the system, they could remotely install a virus that could shut down power for millions of customers.

So could criminals crack the system?

[IOActive security consultant Mike] Davis and his team hacked into smart meters last spring as part of a proof-of-concept they showed off at a Las Vegas security conference last summer.

They reverse engineered meters they bought on eBay and found in trash bins near installation sites. Then they installed a computer virus that would replicate itself across the wireless network and block the utility from each meter as it went.

… But Davis noted that utilities now require secure recycling of old meters, and eBay won’t allow that sort of gear to be sold on the site any longer. Davis said they have done such a good job keeping the meters out of his hands that he hasn’t hacked the most recent meters because he can’t find one through legal means.

If I were head of cybersecurity for a utility (or meter developer), while I’d support the secure recycling of old meter and prefer eBay not resell used meters, I’d also willingly give a meter to any (competent pro-security oriented) hacker wanting to try to hack the meter.  Heck, they should be donating prototypes to local universities and sponsoring hacking competitions.

When hacking smart meters is outlawed, only outlaws will hack smart meters.  Smart meter developers should help the “good guys” do a little hacking, too.

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Texas and the Tres Amigas interconnection

January 13, 2010

Michael Giberson

Over the holiday NYTimes.com posted a story by ClimateWire reporter Peter Behr that does a pretty good job of describing the proposed Tres Amigas project (proposing to link the three main electric regions in the U.S. – Eastern, Western, and Texas) and surrounding issues.  Among other things, the story provides a good short summary of the Federal/Texas jurisdictional relationship, which stands as one challenge to success:

The developers have also asked FERC for a second ruling disclaiming jurisdiction over transmission providers that tie into the Tres Amigas lines and in effect, to maintain Texas’ jurisdictional independence. “Clearly, if we don’t the jurisdiction disclaimer, I can’t imagine how we get support for this in Texas,” [Tres Amigas attorney David] Raskin says.

Echoing the state’s Alamo heritage and a tenacious attachment to its independence, Texas’ largest utilities cut their power line connections with other states in 1935, after passage of the Federal Power Act in the New Deal, to keep Washington from asserting jurisdiction over their operations. (Texas had no state regulation of utilities before the 1970s, notes Judge Richard Cudahy of the 7th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals).

In one famous showdown, a Texas utility — Central and Southwest Corp. — did create a transmission link between its divisions in Texas and Oklahoma to preserve its status as an interstate electric power holding company. At night on May 4, 1976, a technician opened a switch at a CSW substation sending power surreptitiously from Vernon, Texas to Altus, Okla., according to Cudahy’s account of the “midnight connection.”

Since Texas’ other major utilities were linked to CSW, their power was also flowing in interstate commerce. Several hours later, Texas utilities were informed of these events, and two of the largest responded in outrage by severing their transmission ties to CSW, at some risk to the state’s entire grid.

The Tres Amigas petition to FERC says that because energy is converted from an AC wave to a DC electronic pulse and then back into an AC wave synchronized with the receiving grid, the electrons in Texas are not “free flowing” into New Mexico or Oklahoma, preserving Texas’ separation.

The Tres Amigas jurisdictional request submitted to FERC offers more detail (FERC docket number EL10-22-000) and for further background I’d recommend the chapter on the subject by Darren Bush and David Spence in Electric Restructuring: The Texas Story (the book recently published by AEI Press edited by Lynne and Andy Kleit).

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