Posts Tagged ‘WTI’

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Bye-bye WTI? Local conditions may sink global oil price benchmark

February 17, 2011

Michael Giberson

Via email a reader asks about the divergence between two international oil price benchmarks – Brent and West Texas Intermediate (WTI).

At EnergyBurrito, Matt Smith explains the once-reliable, now rocky relationship between Brent and WTI in “WTI and Brent Crude Oil Through Steve Carell and Ricky Gervais.” Gervais played district manager David Brent in the British comedy, The Office; Carrel played district manager Michael Stott in the American version of The Office.

In a style better written, more humorous and more informative than what I convey here, Smith explains that the problem with WTI is infrastructure at and around Cushing, Oklahoma, the pricing point for WTI crude oil contracts traded at the NYMEX. It has become easier to move oil from producing regions to Cushing than to move it from Cushing to refineries and consumers. Pipeline capacity out has been added, and more is on the way, but not so much that the Brent-WTI price spread will amend itself anytime soon.

So the question becomes, with WTI prices becoming so strongly affected by local-to-Cushing factors, will WTI cease to be useful as a global crude oil price index? Smith suggests (but doesn’t predict) that Louisiana Light Sweet may become the replacement benchmark.

RELATED: Valero CEO complains that WTI is “land locked.”

Changing U.S. and Canadian oil production patters may be contributing to the Cushing problems. Domestic U. S. production is up in the last two years after 23 consecutive years of decline. Jonathan Fahey reports on the application of horizontal drilling and fracturing to oil production from shale, “New drilling method opens vast oil fields in US.”

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Calling the next bubble: is there currently a “dollar-led asset bubble”?

October 30, 2009

Michael Giberson

The list of people who agreed, after the fact, that yes there was a {internet company | real estate | … | tulip bulb} price bubble is frequently longer than the list of people who publicly announce a bubble in unequivocal terms in advance of a crash.  But here you have someone willing to stick their neck out:

“It seems quite clear to us that the (Nymex) futures market is currently part of an dollar-led asset bubble,” said Olivier Jakob of Petromatrix in Switzerland.

FT Energy Source provides some context from Jakob:

Remember the days when hurricanes and geo-political events made oil fly?

Well, according to Olivier Jakob at Petromatrix, those days — for the time being at least — should be forgotten. The correlations between the Dow, the dollar and oil are now so well set, traders simply can’t afford to ignore them.

FT Energy Source quotes from an unnamed source document (but Petromatrix produces subscriber-only reports and I assume it is from one of these; emphasis added by FT):

WTI is still not able to break away from its pure correlation to the exogenous markets of Dollar and Equities. For the last two days WTI and the Dow Futures have run an R square of 0.9 on the intraday 10 minutes and at such ratio it is just possible to beat the theme of purely trading the Dow on oil futures.

I’m not sure I’d stake too much on a two-day regression correlation.  More:

It does not make sense per se but that is the way it is and not trading that theme would only be a proposition to provide liquidity to those who are. The problem remains that the real economy works on different principles than computer games and the current asset correlation would not allow an economy recovery to materialize. At current correlations the Dow at 11′000 would translate in WTI at 100 $/bbl which will hurt consumer confidence and demand and cap the recovery.

Here we extrapolate out from our two-day correlation up to a 11,000 point Dow – a level we haven’t seen for a year and may not see for a while longer.  I’m no statistical genius, but we seem to be forecasting pretty far out of sample.  Analytically, it makes me nervous.

The bubble statement comes next:

It seems quite clear to us that the WTI futures market is currently part of a dollar-led asset bubble and irrespective of the oil fundamentals the next input that will be decisive in the direction of oil prices will be the Fed meeting of next week (November 3rd and 4th ). No action is currently expected from the Fed, but it must be also realizing the across asset bubble in formation and at one stage it will have to decide if it wants to start deflating it or letting it run at the risk of having a burst that it can not handle later on.

It isn’t quite clear to me whether the the dollar-led asset bubble conclusion hangs on any evidence more substantial that the two-day price correlation.  Color me unpersuaded (unless it turns out to be true, of course, in which case I will claim to be among the cognoscenti from the beginning on this whole new dollar-led asset bubble thing).

N.B.: I’m not disputing the value of the larger analysis from which these quotes were ripped by FT Energy Source, which I haven’t seen, just gently poking fun at the idea of trading oil futures based on two-day correlations in prices.  Since I am not a trader and not familiar with real-world trading analytics, it may be that I’m entirely off base and two-days worth of 10-minute data is great empirical stuff.

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Why are gasoline prices so high? (February 2009 version).

February 16, 2009

Michael Giberson

So low, and yet so high.

It seems to be the way consumers feel about gasoline prices these days.  Yes, prices are down compared to a year ago, but everyone knows that crude oil prices have been going down lately while gasoline prices are up from their December 2008 lows.

From The Mercury News:

Crude oil is selling for the low price of under $35 a barrel. The precious black commodity is awash at storage tanks across the country. And drivers from New York to the Bay Area are motoring less and less as the economy continues to sink.

But the price of gas is going up and up and up — to $2.29 a gallon in California on Saturday, 25 cents higher than a month ago and 49 cents more than before Christmas.

What gives?

The Mercury News cites a number of factors, including maintenance work at refiners, mechanical glitches, and “the gradual conversion to summer blends of fuel” as among the factors. Also, the News said, much of the crude oil made into gasoline comes from South America or the Middle East, and prices there are about $10 bbl higher than the benchmark West Texas Intermediate (WTI) price most frequently cited in the (U.S.) press.

The Associated Press recently ran a story on the same theme, “If price of crude oil is dropping, why is cost of gas rising?“:

Crude oil prices have fallen to new lows for this year. So you’d think gas prices would sink right along with them.

Not so.

On Thursday, for example, crude oil closed just under $34 a barrel, its lowest point for 2009. But the national average price of a gallon of gas rose to $1.95 on the same day, its peak for the year. On Friday gas went a penny higher.

The AP story clarifies further the role that higher priced crudes from elsewhere play in this particular story:

The recession in America has dramatically cut demand for crude oil, and inventories are piling up. So prices for West Texas crude have fallen well below what oil costs from places like the North Sea, Saudi Arabia and South America.

That foreign oil sells in some cases for $10 more per barrel — and that doesn’t even include shipping.

Brent North Sea crude, which feeds some East Coast refineries — and therefore winds up at many gas pumps around America — now costs about $7 more per barrel than the West Texas crude. Deutsche Bank analysts say the trend should continue.

The WTI price normally trades at a premium to other grades, but a host of temporary factors have driven down the price of the WTI benchmark relative to other crudes. So the crude oil price cited most often in the press may not be the price paid for the crude oil that went into gasoline.

So long as crude oil prices stayed in their usual relationship, it didn’t matter much that the crude oil that went into west coast gasoline was from different places than the crude oil going into Gulf Coast gasoline or that reaching east coast refineries.  Refinery utilization is down, too, and other short term factors are in play (see the Styles and Rapier remarks cited below for more.) Over time these differences will tend to sort themselves out, and the normal relationship will return.  In the meantime, crude oil prices and gasoline prices will continue to look disconnected.

See also, Geoff Styles in The Other Stimulus, and Robert Rapier, Why Gas Prices are Rising Again.

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